์ฝ๊ณผ
Yakgwa โ The Honey Cookie That Got Banned
์์ด ๊ธ์งํ๋ ๊ณผ์ ยท ์ง๊ธ์ ๋ด์ํ์์ค์ ์ค๋ฆฐ ยท Banned by Kings. Featured in the NYT.
Photo: K-Food Stories ยท ๊ฟ ์๋ฝ์ ์ฌ์ด ์ ํต ์ฝ๊ณผ โ ์ฒ ๋ ์ ๋ ์ํผ
"It was so good, the king banned it. Centuries later, it ended up in The New York Times." โ Yakgwa.
๋๋ฌด ๋ง์์ด์ ์์ด ๊ธ์ง๋ น์ ๋ด๋ ธ์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์๊ฐ ์ง๊ธ ๋ด์ํ์์ค์ ์ค๋ ธ์ต๋๋ค. โ ์ฝ๊ณผ(Yakgwa) ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ.
๊ด์ฅ์์ฅ ํ๊ณผ ์ง์ด ยท Traditional confectionery stall, Gwangjang Market
Most people have a version of this: yakgwa on the table, something clicks โ oh, that's the thing from the ancestral ceremony. The sweet, dense, vaguely sticky cookie that lived on ritual trays at your grandmother's house. Old-fashioned. For elders. Easily ignored.
Here's what actually happened: yakgwa became so popular during the Goryeo dynasty (918โ1392) that it caused nationwide shortages of flour, honey, and sesame oil. Not one but two kings โ King Myeongjong and King Gongminwang โ had to issue formal bans on making it. The government outlawed a cookie. That's how good it was.
The name tells the story. ์ฝ (่ฅ, medicine) + ๊ณผ (่, confection) = something medicinal enough to eat. In Goryeo, where Buddhism was the state religion and meat was off the ritual table, yakgwa filled the gap. Honey, sesame oil, wheat flour, rice wine, ginger โ five ingredients the court already considered therapeutic. It ended up on royal wedding tables, ancestral rites, harvest festivals. The most prestigious confection in Korean history, twice prohibited, because demand simply outstripped the supply of its own ingredients.
์ฝ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฒ์ ๋ดค์ ๋ ๋ฐ์์ ๋๊ฐ ๋น์ทํ๋ค. "์, ํ ๋จธ๋ ์ ์ฟ์์ ์๋ ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ." ์ ์ฌ ๋๋๊ณ ๋ชฐ๋ ์ง์ด ๋จน๋, ์ด๋ฅธ๋ค์ด ๋จน๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ฐํ๋ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์. ์ด์ค๋ฝ๊ณ , ๋ฌ๊ณ , ๋์ด ๋ ์์.
๊ทผ๋ฐ ์ฌ์ค ์ฝ๊ณผ๋ ํ๊ตญ ์ญ์ฌ์ ๊ธ์ง๋นํ ์์ ์ค์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ง์๋ ์ด์ ๋ก ๊ธ์ง๋ ์์์ด๋ค. ๊ณ ๋ ค์๋(918~1392), ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๋๋ฌด ๋ง์ด ๋จน๋ ๋ฐ๋์ ๋ฐ๊ฐ๋ฃจ์ ๊ฟ๊ณผ ์ฐธ๊ธฐ๋ฆ์ด ๋ฐ๋ฅ๋๊ธฐ ์์ํ๋ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์์ด ๋์ฐ๋ค. ๋ช ์ข ๋, ๊ณต๋ฏผ์๋ ์ฝ๊ณผ ๊ธ์ง๋ น์ ๋ด๋ ธ๋ค. ๋จน์ง ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ง์์ผ ํ๋ ๊ณผ์. ์ด๊ฒ ๋ง์์ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์๋ค.
์ด๋ฆ ์์ฒด๊ฐ ์ ์ฒด์ฑ์ด๋ค. ์ฝ(่ฅ)+๊ณผ(่) โ '์ฝ์ด ๋๋ ๊ณผ์'. ๊ณ ๋ ค ๋ถ๊ต ๊ตญ๊ฐ์์ ์ ์ฌ์์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฌ๋ฆด ์ ์์๊ณ , ๊ฟยท์ฐธ๊ธฐ๋ฆยท์๊ฐยท์ฒญ์ฃผ๋ก ๋ง๋ ์ฝ๊ณผ๊ฐ ๊ทธ ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฑ์ ๋ค. ์์ ํผ๋ก, ์ ์ฌ, ์ถ์, ํ๊ฐ์์น. ๊ฐ์ฅ ๊ทํ ์๋ฆฌ์ ํญ์ ์์๋ค.
Most people have a version of this: yakgwa on the table, something clicks โ oh, that's the thing from the ancestral ceremony. The sweet, dense, vaguely sticky cookie that lived on ritual trays at your grandmother's house. Old-fashioned. For elders. Easily ignored.
Here's what actually happened: yakgwa became so popular during the Goryeo dynasty (918โ1392) that it caused nationwide shortages of flour, honey, and sesame oil. Not one but two kings โ King Myeongjong and King Gongminwang โ had to issue formal bans on making it. The government outlawed a cookie. That's how good it was.
์ฝ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฒ์ ๋ดค์ ๋ ๋ฐ์์ ๋๊ฐ ๋น์ทํ๋ค. "์, ํ ๋จธ๋ ์ ์ฟ์์ ์๋ ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ." ์ ์ฌ ๋๋๊ณ ๋ชฐ๋ ์ง์ด ๋จน๋, ์ด๋ฅธ๋ค์ด ๋จน๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ฐํ๋ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์. ์ด์ค๋ฝ๊ณ , ๋ฌ๊ณ , ๋์ด ๋ ์์.
๊ทผ๋ฐ ์ฌ์ค ์ฝ๊ณผ๋ ํ๊ตญ ์ญ์ฌ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ง์๋ ์ด์ ๋ก ๊ธ์ง๋ ์์์ด๋ค. ๊ณ ๋ ค์๋(918~1392), ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๋๋ฌด ๋ง์ด ๋จน๋ ๋ฐ๋์ ๋ฐ๊ฐ๋ฃจ์ ๊ฟ๊ณผ ์ฐธ๊ธฐ๋ฆ์ด ๋ฐ๋ฅ๋ฌ๋ค. ๋ช ์ข ๋, ๊ณต๋ฏผ์๋ ๊ธ์ง๋ น์ ๋ด๋ ธ๋ค. ๋จน์ง ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ง์์ผ ํ๋ ๊ณผ์. ์ด๊ฒ ๋ง์์ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์๋ค.
"Banned by kings. Revived by a small shop in Uijeongbu. Now in The New York Times."
Fast-forward to now: the term yakketing (์ฝ๊ณผ + ticketing) is trending in Korea, describing the frenzy of clicking for online reservations the moment a popular brand drops. It's been featured in the New York Times, turned up in Manhattan cafes and Tokyo pop-ups, and a new generation of Koreans who never thought twice about it are queuing before dawn to get theirs. A thousand-year-old confection just had its biggest decade yet.
์ง๊ธ ์ฝ๊ณผ๋ ํ ๋จธ๋ ์์์ด ์๋๋ค. ์ฑ์๋ ํ์ ์คํ ๋น์ผ ์๋ฒฝ๋ถํฐ ์ค์ด ๋์ด์ ๋ค. '์ผ์ผํ ' โ ์ฝ๊ณผ์ ํฐ์ผํ ์ ํฉ์น ์ ์กฐ์ด. ๋ด์ ๋งจํดํผ ์นดํ์์, ๋์ฟ K-ํธ๋ ํ์ ์์ ํ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋ด์ํ์์ค ์ฟ ํน ์น์ ์๋ ๋ฑ์ฅํ๋ค. ์ฒ ๋ ๋ ๊ณผ์๊ฐ 2020๋ ๋์ ์ ์ผ ํซํ ๋์ ํธ๊ฐ ๋๋ค.
Fast-forward to now: the term yakketing (์ผ์ผํ ) is trending โ describing the frenzy of clicking for online reservations the moment a popular yakgwa brand drops. It's been in the New York Times, in Manhattan cafes, in Tokyo pop-ups. A thousand-year-old confection just had its biggest decade yet.
์ง๊ธ ์ฝ๊ณผ๋ ํ ๋จธ๋ ์์์ด ์๋๋ค. ํ์ ์คํ ๋น์ผ ์๋ฒฝ๋ถํฐ ์ค์ด ๋์ด์ ๋ค. '์ผ์ผํ ' โ ์ฝ๊ณผ์ ํฐ์ผํ ์ ํฉ์ฑ์ด. ๋ด์ ๋งจํดํผ, ๋์ฟ, ๋ด์ํ์์ค ์ฟ ํน ์น์ . ์ฒ ๋ ๋ ๊ณผ์๊ฐ 2020๋ ๋์ ์ ์ผ ํซํ ๋์ ํธ๊ฐ ๋๋ค.
์ฝ๊ณผํ
๊ฟ ์๋ฝ
๊ฐ์ฑ์ฃผ์
์ผ์ชฝ๋ถํฐ: ์ ํต ์ฝ๊ณผํ ยท ๊ฟ ์๋ฝ ยท ๊ฐ์ฑ์ฃผ์
The Ban That Proves It's Good
Two Goryeo kings banned yakgwa by royal decree. The reason: demand had outpaced the entire country's supply of flour, honey, and oil. Governments don't outlaw food that no one wants.
๊ณ ๋ ค์๋ ๋ ๋ช ์ ์์ด ์ฝ๊ณผ ๊ธ์ง๋ น์ ๋ด๋ ธ๋ค. ์ด์ ๋ ๋จ ํ๋ โ ์์๊ฐ ๊ณต๊ธ์ ์๋ํด์. ๋ง์๋ ์์์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋์์ง๋ ์๋๋ค.
It's Literally Called "Medicine"
์ฝ๊ณผ (่ฅ่) = ์ฝ (medicine) + ๊ณผ (confection). Honey was considered medicinal in pre-modern Korea, and with ginger, sesame oil, and rice wine in the mix, yakgwa was genuinely treated as something between a dessert and a tonic.
์ฝ(่ฅ)+๊ณผ(่) โ '์ฝ์ด ๋๋ ๊ณผ์'. ๊ฟ์ ์ฝ์ฌ๋ก ์ฌ๊ธฐ๋ ์๋์ ๋ถ์ธ ์ด๋ฆ. ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์๊ฐยท์ฐธ๊ธฐ๋ฆยท์ฒญ์ฃผ๊น์ง ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋จน๋ ํ์ฝ์ฌ ์กฐํฉ์ด๋ค.
Yakketing Is Real
Yakketing โ yakgwa + ticketing โ describes the moment a popular brand's online reservation opens and thousands of people frantically refresh the page, the same way you'd fight for concert tickets. Foreign tourist spending on Korean traditional confections jumped 76.9% year-on-year.
'์ผ์ผํ '์ ์ฝ๊ณผ+ํฐ์ผํ ์ ํฉ์ฑ์ด. ์ธ๊ธฐ ๋ธ๋๋์ ์์ฝ์ด ์ด๋ฆฌ๋ ์๊ฐ, ์ฝ์ํธ ์๋งคํ๋ฏ ๋ฌ๋ ค๋ ๋ค. ์ธ๊ตญ์ธ ๊ด๊ด๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณผ ์๋น๋์ ์ ๋ ๋๋น 76.9% ์ฆ๊ฐํ๋ค. ์ด๊ฑด ์ผ์์ ์ ํ์ด ์๋๋ค.
The Halmaenial Effect
Halmaenial โ "grandmother" + "millennial" โ is what Koreans call the wave of young adults rediscovering traditional foods. Yakgwa is the poster child: a ceremonial confection that spent centuries on ancestral rites tables is now the most-saved dessert on Korean Instagram.
'ํ ๋งค๋์ผ'์ ํ ๋จธ๋+๋ฐ๋ ๋์ผ์ ํฉ์ฑ์ด. ์ ์ ์ธ๋๊ฐ ์ ํต ํ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฌ๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ๋ ํ์. ์ฝ๊ณผ๋ ๊ทธ ์ค์ฌ์ ์๋ค. ์ ์ฌ์ ์์์ด ์ธ์คํ๊ทธ๋จ์์ ์ ์ผ ๋ง์ด ์ ์ฅ๋๋ ์์์ด ๋๋ค.
| ์ฌ๋ฃ / Ingredient | ๋์ฒด์ฌ / Substitute |
|---|---|
| ๋ฐ์ฃฝ ยท Dough | |
| ์ค๋ ฅ๋ถ 200g | All-purpose flour |
| ์ฐน์๊ฐ๋ฃจ 30g | Glutinous rice flour โ Asian grocery |
| ๊ณํ๊ฐ๋ฃจ 4g | Ground cinnamon |
| ์๊ธ 5g ยท ์คํ 50g | Salt ยท Sugar |
| ์ฐธ๊ธฐ๋ฆ 60g | Toasted sesame oil โ essential, no substitute |
| ์ฒญ์ฃผ 40g | Rice wine โ sub: dry sherry |
| ์๋ฝ ยท Syrup | |
| ๋ฌผ์ฟ or ์กฐ์ฒญ 450g | Rice syrup โ sub: light corn syrup 70% + honey 30% |
| ๊ฟ 50g | Honey |
| ๋ฌผ 150g ยท ์๊ฐ ์ฌ๋ผ์ด์ค | Water ยท Fresh ginger slices |
| ํ๊น์ ยท Frying Oil | |
| ์์ฉ์ (์ถฉ๋ถํ) | Vegetable oil โ 130ยฐC ์ ์จ ์ ์ง์ฉ |
-
1
Make the dough. Sift flour, glutinous rice flour, and cinnamon together. Rub in sesame oil with your fingers until it reaches a sandy texture. Dissolve salt and sugar in rice wine, then add gradually โ fold rather than knead. Rest in a bag in the fridge for 30 minutes.
๋ฐ์ฃฝํ๊ธฐ. ๋ฐ๊ฐ๋ฃจ+์ฐน์๊ฐ๋ฃจ+๊ณํ๊ฐ๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์ฒด์ ๋ด๋ฆฐ๋ค. ์ฐธ๊ธฐ๋ฆ์ ๋ฃ๊ณ ์์ผ๋ก ๋น๋ฒผ ๋ชจ๋ ์ง๊ฐ์ ๋ง๋ ๋ค. ์๊ธ+์คํ์ ๋ น์ธ ์ฒญ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธ์ฉ ๋ฃ์ผ๋ฉฐ ์น๋์ง ์๊ณ ์ด์ง ๋ญ์น๋ค. ๋น๋๋ฐฑ์ ๋ฃ์ด ๋์ฅ 30๋ถ ํด์ง.
-
2
Shape. Roll dough to 0.7cm thickness. Cut with a yakgwa mold or any flower/diamond cutter. Pierce the back of each piece several times with a toothpick โ this is what allows the syrup to absorb properly.
์ฑํํ๊ธฐ. ๋ฐ์ฃฝ์ 0.7cm ๋๊ป๋ก ๋ฐ๊ณ ์ฝ๊ณผํ or ๊ฝ ๋ชจ์ ์ปคํฐ๋ก ์ฐ๋๋ค. ๋ท๋ฉด์ ์ด์ค์๊ฐ๋ก ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๊ฐ ๋ซ๋๋ค โ ์๋ฝ ํก์์ ํต์ฌ.
-
3
Fry low and slow. Heat oil to 130ยฐC. Add yakgwa โ the temperature will drop slightly, keep it at 120โ130ยฐC the whole time. When they float, flip. Once golden, raise to 160ยฐC for 30 seconds to finish. Total: 10โ15 minutes.
์ ์จ ํ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ. ๊ธฐ๋ฆ์ 130ยฐC๋ก ์์ดํ๋ค. ์ฝ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฃ์ผ๋ฉด ์จ๋๊ฐ ๋จ์ด์ง๋๋ฐ 120~130ยฐC๋ฅผ ์ ์งํ๋ฉฐ ์ฒ์ฒํ ํ๊ธด๋ค. ๋ ์ค๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ค์ง๊ณ , ๋ ธ๋ฆํด์ง๋ฉด 160ยฐC๋ก ์ฌ๋ ค 30์ด ๋ง๋ฌด๋ฆฌ. ์ด 10~15๋ถ.
Photo: K-Food Stories ยท 130ยฐC ์ ์จ์์ ์ฒ์ฒํ โ ์ฝ๊ณผ ํ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ ํต์ฌ์ ์จ๋ ์ ์ง
-
4
Make the syrup. Combine rice syrup, honey, water, and ginger slices. Bring to a boil, skim foam, reduce to low heat.
์๋ฝ ๋ง๋ค๊ธฐ. ๋ฌผ์ฟ+๊ฟ+๋ฌผ+์๊ฐ ์ฌ๋ผ์ด์ค๋ฅผ ํ์๋ ๋์ธ๋ค. ๊ฑฐํ์ ๊ฑท์ด๋ด๊ณ ์ฝ๋ถ๋ก ์ค์ธ๋ค.
-
5
Soak. Submerge fried yakgwa in warm syrup. Minimum 10 hours, ideally 24. Flip occasionally so every surface absorbs evenly.
์๋ฝ์ ๋ด๊ทธ๊ธฐ. ํ๊ธด ์ฝ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ปํ ์๋ฝ์ ๋ด๊ทผ๋ค. ์ต์ 10์๊ฐ, ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๋ฉด 24์๊ฐ. ๋ค์ง์ด๊ฐ๋ฉฐ ๊ณจ๊ณ ๋ฃจ ํก์์ํจ๋ค.
-
6
Dry and serve. Remove and let dry for 2โ3 hours until the surface sets slightly. The outside firms up; the inside stays dense and honey-soaked. Done.
๊ฑด์กฐ ํ ์์ฑ. ๊ฑด์ ธ๋ด์ 2~3์๊ฐ ๊ฑด์กฐ. ํ๋ฉด์ด ์ด์ง ๊ตณ์ผ๋ฉด ์์ฑ. ๊ฒ์ ๋จ๋จํ๊ณ ์์ ๊ฟ์ ๋จธ๊ธ์ ์ํ.
Photo: K-Food Stories ยท 10~24์๊ฐ ๊ฟ ์๋ฝ ํก์ โ ์ด ๋จ๊ณ๊ฐ ์ฝ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณผ๋ต๊ฒ ๋ง๋ ๋ค
The One Thing That Matters
Don't knead the dough. The moment you develop gluten, the texture is gone โ yakgwa turns hard instead of tender. Think of it less as mixing, more as gently persuading the ingredients together.
๋ฐ์ฃฝ์ ์น๋์ง ์๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ ๋ถ๋ค. ๊ธ๋ฃจํ ์ด ์๊ธฐ๋ฉด ๋ฑ๋ฑํด์ง๋ค. '์๋๋ค'๋ ๋๋๋ณด๋ค '๊ทธ๋ฅ ๋ญ์น๋ค'๋ ๋๋์ผ๋ก.
How to Say It
"์ฝ๊ณผ" = Yak-gwa
Yak rhymes with "rock" โ not "yak" the animal
gwa sounds like the "gua" in "guava"
Stress both syllables equally: YAK-GWA
์ฝ๊ณผ ์๋ฆฌ์ฆ ยท Yakgwa Series